Properties of Gases

Heather Schnicker 26 October 2012 Experiment # 4 (Lab 3) Properties of Gases PURPOSE The purpose of this experiment was to investigate and identify the chemical properties of the gases tested. DATA Gas| FLAME REACTION| GLOWING SPLINT| LIMEWATER REACTION| BROMOTHYMOL BLUE REACTION| Hydrogen| NO REACTION| Â  | Â  | Â  | Oxygen| Â  | BURNED BRIGHTER| Â  | Â  | Hydrogen & Oxygen| QUICK FLAME BURST| Â  | Â  | Â  | Carbon Dioxide| Â  | PUT THE FIRE OUT| NO REACTION| TURNED YELLOW| Alka Seltzer| Â  | Â  | BUBBLED| Â  | Breath| Â  | Â  | HUGE BUBBLES| Â  | CONCLUSIONBased off this experiment it made me realize that the reactions are much more different when comparing an acidic or basic solution. By doing these experiments at home also proves a point in that knowing what type of reaction to expect is a must. QUESTIONS A. Give two reasons why we fill the gas generator test tubes almost to the top with chemicals. * To get as much gas as possible without any air * Some of the chemicals could react with the oxygen that is filling up the rest of the test tube B. What happens to the zinc in the hydrogen generation experiment? * It dissolvesC. What happens to the manganese in the oxygen generation experiment? * The manganese acted as a catalyst D. Write a balanced equation for the reaction between 02 and H2? -H2 + H2 +02= 2H20 E. What is the function/purpose of the bromothymol blue in the C02 experiment? -To show how acidic solutions react differently than basic solutions E. Bromothymol blue is blue in the presence of basic solutions, and yellow in the presence of acidic solutions. If your solution is a murky green, what might you assume about a solution? -It is a mixture of acidic and basic solutions

A Weekend with My Grandparents

Last weekend was one of the most enjoyable weekends I have ever had. I spent it with my grandparents not their farm. I have often stayed on the farm before but this was a special occasion. It was my first visit during the middle of the fruit season. My grandparents have a huge orchard full of fruit trees such as durians, lychees and mangosteens. The fruits in the orchard are deliciously sweet and tasty, as I have often tasted. When I arrived early on Saturday morning,my grandmother told me that grandfather was at the orchard.I immediately set off on my bicycle to the orchard that was only five kilometers away. It was a pleasant ride because it was cool and the air smelt clean and fresh, quite different from the air in the city where I live. Soon, I reached the orchard and went looking for my grandfather. He was of course thrilled to see his only grandchild. When I offered to help, my grandfather gave me a basket and told me to pick up the ripe mangosteens. He also gave me a long stic k with a knife attached to one end.This was to help me reached the fruit that were high up on the tree. there were several other men who helped to pick the fruit. These were the workers who had been hired for this specific job. B lunchtime, I had already filled many baskets and put the fruits into large containers. We had a brief stop when the women brought food for all of us. We sat under the shade of the trees while my grandfather told me stories of the days gone by. Then we continue plucking the mangosteens.By evening, all the mangosteens had been plucked before the fruit seller arrived. He weigh the mangosteens and then put them onto his lorry. When we went home that evening I was tired but happy. My grandfather told me I had done a good job although I had eaten quite a lot if the fruit that I had picked. The next morning, we again set off to the orchard. This time we were supposed to gather the durians and the mangosteens. Since I had no experience, I was not allowed to gather the durians. I just helped with the mangosteens.There were not that many trees so we finished by lunchtime. After lunch, my grandfather, who knew how much I loved durians, opened a few of the durians for us to eat. The flesh was smooth and creamy and tasted delicious. After the fruit seller had loaded up the fruit, my grandfather and I went back home. I spent the evening taking with my grandparents who had many interesting stories to tell. Then, my parents arrived and we all had dinner and it was finally time to go home. My weekend had been extremely tiring it it was thoroughly enjoyable.

Architectural Design Considerations of a Light Warehouse Essay Example for Free

Architectural Design Considerations of a Light Warehouse Essay Warehousing – warehousing is the receiving, storage, and delivery of goods. Receiving – receiving is the acceptance of goods with a degree of accountability therefor. Storage – storage is the safekeeping of goods in a warehouse or other depository. Delivery – delivery is the transfer of goods to the transportation carrier or customer. Distribution – distribution is a function of warehousing which includes the preparation and delivery of goods according to plan or special order. Supply chain efficiencies depend upon the efficiency of logistics including transportation and warehousing operations. Warehouse efficiencies depend upon a combination of warehouse design, layout, infrastructure, systems, process and people. Warehouse Design element aims to maximize the utility of space, equipment and efficiency of operations. We will briefly cover the various elements of a warehouse design and understand their importance. In basic functional aspects, a warehouse function consists of – Material receipts including unloading, unpacking and inspection, put away and Storage of materials in various categories of storage locations, systems updating, pull materials for dispatch and delivery of materials after processing. Warehouse Location, Layout and Building The location of a warehouse should ideally be situated in a flat ground. The location should be easily approachable and in a area suited for this nature of business. Locations closer to markets or to national highways would be ideal. Public transportation and communication infrastructure should also be available. The layout of the building should be designed to accommodate fleet parking, and enable containers to drive in and drive out easily. Any time two containers should be able to pass through on the path without any interruption. There should be enough free space for vehicles to maneuver. The layout should also provide for other utility, safety and security operations. Building is normally constructed using galvanized metallic sheets mounted on C Section girdles. The flooring should be RCC concrete with weight bearing capacity as per requirement of the load to be calculated in each case. The ground should be flat, even and smooth surface to facilitate MHE movements and dust free. The roof height would be a major consideration to be able to install multi vertical storage racking installation. The walls and roof should be designed with suitable lighting panels and ventilators for air exchange fitted with bird cages. The number of loading and unloading docs and placement of these docs play an important role in the design of operations and efficiency of operation. All weather docks and the facility should enable 24 hours operations. Dock Levels. The docks should be equipped with dock levelers and all these have to be installed during construction phase itself. Ramps have to be provided to facilitate movement of forklift etc. Lighting design will depend upon the layout and the racking design. Internal Layout Internal layout design will be built taking into account the operational process, nature of goods, volumes of transactions both inbound and outbound, storage types, in house operations involving put away and pull sequences and process requirements including packing, kitting etc and the availability of floor space coupled with building layout design of inbound and outbound docks. The design aims to maximize space utilization, minimize MHE movement and Manpower movement. Types of Storage Types of storage are determined by the nature of cargo. Depending upon the cargo whether finished goods, raw material parts etc, the types of storage can vary from bulk stock, block stock, racking, pallet racking, shelf racking, binning, unit pick or loose pick face, carton pick etc. The storage types vary with nature of materials with different types of storage designs for drums, pallets, tires, cartons, tube and rods etc. Racking Designs & Material Handling Equipment Racking Design takes into account the storage type, storage unit, volume and weight coupled with the available floor space and roof height to design system which maximizes the storage capacity. Put away and picking process and transactional volumes are also taken into consideration. The inventory profile study would include detailing of number of SKUs in each category of fast moving, slow moving or other criteria as per the nature of business and the storage type would be designed as per the inventory profile and the process. Racking designs are very many and varies with the type of industries and nature of inventory. Normal racking designs include pallet racking on multiple levels. You can have shelving, binning or combination of bulk stock and forward pick face racking designs. Block stack racking and other types of high density racking can be found in FG warehouses. Mezzanine store binning and shelving rack designs are normally designed for spare parts and small parts. Highly automated racking designs can have automatic retrieval systems and conveyors in the warehouse. Material Handling Equipments are specified based on rack design coupled with pallet design, nature of cargo, weight and the warehouse layout etc. Forklifts, reach trucks, hand pallet jacks, trolleys are normal Material handling equipments in normal warehousing operations. Warehouse Layout Design – Sizing the Space Requirements Warehouse layout & sizing is a critical aspect of planning a new facility or re-designing an existing building. Many times organisations start from a fixed view of what size the facility will be, and most times the square footage is based on affordability. The problem with this, is that the building may end up be to big, and therefore more expensive or to small and put operational constraints into the facility before the design even gets off the ground. Warehouse Layout and Sizing: The correct way to size the facility is from the inside, that way the actual size required will fit the operational requirements, and will ensure that all available space is used and you are not paying for unused space. Estimating Space Requirements: Short and long term, based upon forecasts, historical usage patterns, and projected changes. Developing new layouts to maximize usage of space. Short- and long-range sizing of individual areas: racks, shelving, automated systems, docks, staging, offices, and support. The final sizing needs to come from the operational requirements of the building, this can only come from modelling the design. Key Factors to Consider during Warehouse Sizing Order Picking: Methods for Piece Pick, Case Pick, and Pallet Pick Operations. Deciding on the amount of space you will need is not just about how much product you wish to store. The type of picking you intend carrying out is a fundamental part of the decision process. The methods for order picking vary greatly and the level of difficulty in choosing the best method for your operation will depend on the type of operation you have. The characteristics of the product being handled, total number of transactions, total number of orders, picks per order, quantity per pick, picks per SKU, total number of SKUs, value-added processing such as private labelling, and whether you are handling piece pick, case pick, or full-pallet loads are all factors that will affect the decision on how much space will be required. Therefore when you have:- Full pallet picking you will need more racking space than open floor space. Lots of case picking you will need more ground floor pick faces, than you will need for full pallet picking and you may also need a case to pallet consolidation floor area. Lots of small quantity piece picking you will need packing & pallet consolidation areas on the floor. Holding requirements include defining the physical size of the inventory on hand. Unless the on-hand total is fairly stable across the year, it is usually preferable to plan for a high but not peak inventory level. To fully utilize the space, it is important to determine how product needs to be stored (e. g. , floor stacked, pallet rack, shelving, case flow) and how much of each fixture type will be required. Cube data (length ? width ? height) for each product is a very useful kind of information for many aspects of capacity planning. Workflow requirements encompass everything from how product arrives to how it leaves the facility and everything in between. The objectives of this aspect of planning are to minimize product handling, to reduce travel as much as possible, and to minimize the resource requirements (labor, packaging, transportation) to move the product to the customer. Among the factors to consider are the following: (1) Link the way product arrives with where it is to be stored (location capacity). If possible, store all of a product in one location and pick from that location as well. This does not work if stock rotation matters (expiration dates, serial number, or lot control issues). 2) Locate the highest-volume products (greatest number of orders, not physical size) closest to the outbound shipping area to minimize the travel required to pick and ship orders for them. (3) Because vertical travel is always slower, locate as many products as possible on or close to the floor. (4) Allow for staging space to handle product that is in transit, such as items waiting to be put away. Warehousing was supposed to disappear with L ean Manufacturing. This has rarely occurred but the nature of warehousing often does change from storage-dominance to transaction dominance. Warehousing buffers inbound shipments from suppliers and outbound orders to customers. Customers usually order in patterns that are not compatible with the capabilities of the warehouse suppliers. The amount of storage depends on the disparity between incoming and outbound shipment patterns. In addition, the trend to overseas sourcing has increased the need for warehousing and its importance in the supply chain. | Design StrategiesOne key to effective design is the relative dominance of picking or storage activity. These two warehouse functions have opposing requirements. Techniques that maximize space utilization tend to complicate picking and render it inefficient while large storage areas increase distance and also reduce picking efficiency. Ideal picking requires small stocks in dedicated, close locations. This works against storage efficiency. Automation of picking, storage, handling and information can compensate for these opposing requirements to a degree. However, automation is expensive to install and operate. The figure below shows how different transaction volumes, storage requirements and technologies lead to different design concepts. Architectural Design Considerations of a Light Warehouse. (2016, Dec 01).

Classical Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Classical Mythology - Essay Example He writes: "As a guiding principle I believe that every poem must be its own sole freshly created universe, and therefore have no belief in 'tradition' or a common myth-kitty... To me the whole of the ancient world, the whole of classical and biblical mythology, means very little, and I think that using them today not only fills poems full of dead spots but dodges the poet's duty to be original." (Larkin 1983:69) Larkin has a right to his view but from what we have witnessed, literature from Renaissance till today is in awe of Greek and Roman mythological characters. And when we discuss mythology, we simply cannot ignore the role played by Homer in reinforcing myths. And one of his key epics dealing with images of classical mythology was Iliad. In this paper, we shall focus on the role of heroism in ancient world with reference to Iliad and how a modern hero borrows from ancient definition of a hero. Homer's Iliad presents the oldest yet most enduring picture of hero and heroism. Who is a hero and what constitutes heroism are questions that Iliad answers but in a manner which may not appeal to modern sensibilities. For us today, hero is a man of who is sensitive, courageous and responsible with compassion for the community. However apart from courage, no other attribute mattered for construction of a heroic figure in Greek epics of ancient times. Homer follows tradition when he creates heroe s and develops a heroic code in his work Iliad but there are occasions where the poet tried to deviate from conventional picture of a hero and from these deviations emerge a new and more reformed image of heroism. A modern day hero borrows from ancient picture of a hero in terms of enduring courage. However a serious distinction must be made here. When we talk about modern hero in this paper, we are only referring to modern mythical heroes like superman and Spiderman and not necessarily heroes in ordinary literature. This distinction is made because while in the ancient plays, heroes were people with extraordinary courage and strength, in modern literature, a protagonist is called a hero and he can be as weak or flawed as any ordinary person. Fishwick explains this difference in these words: "Different ages and cultures vary the heroic personality, but all heroes are true to their age. Whatever their situation, the motives they urge are elementary, the morality they advocate is obvious. History is not very effective without people, and people are ineffective without leaders. The search for heroes is inherent in human nature. Pre-literate societies allow men, heroes, and gods to stand on a footing of tolerable equality. In remote areas of the world men are still deified in their own lifetime. The idea of aloofness in super-human power comes late in history." (Fishwicck, 1954: 3) Homer's ideal hero may have many shades but he is invariably a traditional image of ruthless ambition and unbridled courage at least for most of the epic: "Everywhere can be found, reshaped according to shifting cultural standards, the ideal hero, chevalier sans pear et sans reproached, the crafty hero, the boaster, the grim and aging warrior, the slightly buffoonish hero, the aged king, the warrior virgin, the wise counselor, or the young reckless fighter." (Cedric H. Whitman: p. 26) Homer's heroes most notably, Achilles and Agamemnon were products of a society that weighed a man's worth in terms of public honor.

When the Emperor was Divine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

When the Emperor was Divine - Essay Example The story is told from the perspective of the anonymous family, and it has special meaning. It does not matter what were the names of family members because they became simple outcasts in the eyes of Americans. The author calls her personages simply: a mother, a girl, a boy, and father which means that similar events happened to almost all Japanese families: they were simply turned to enemies. The story has four different narrators. First chapter is told from the Mother`s perspective who probably was affected the most by this unexpected exile as she was responsible for two little children at the absence of the husband. The journey on the train from their home in California to Topaz War Relocation Center is described by the daughter of the family while the family`s staying in inhumane conditions in the camp is described by the boy. The fourth chapter is told from the position of the father, however he uses the pronoun â€Å"we† which can be understood as â€Å"we† the fa mily or â€Å"we â€Å"-Japanese. It is possible to compare this novel to Bernard Schlink`s â€Å"The Reader† but this will be a comparison through opposition. In the story told by Schlink the main character, Hanna, does not feel any regret about her past service for the Nazi camp and tries to forget it with the help of books and strange love. The author raises a difficult question of conscious of the whole nation, and for Germans as well as for Japanese this question turns out to be very difficult as it touches each and every citizen. However, in â€Å"When the Emperor was Divine† the life of the characters, even the smallest one, is changed from the very beginning of the war. They become outcasts and they start feeling ashamed for their origin. These events influenced every character of the book in a different and serious way. The mother of the family faced

Major trends today in the change in labour force Essay

Major trends today in the change in labour force - Essay Example There are basically seven major factors that motivate small and large companies in diversifying their workforces. These seven factors include the social responsibility, economic payback, resource imperative, legal requirement, marketing strategy, strategy related to business communications and strategy building. As a good diversity practice the people from disadvantaged groups of a community are considered and this relates to corporate responsibility of any business. Through diversification of the workforce the individuals can get a break required for earning a living. Diversification of workforce that is through welfare to work is likely to turn the tax users in tax payers. The changing demographics have greatly affected the workforce. The labor pool today includes people from various backgrounds and different life experiences. Under the legislation many companies round the world are observing equal employment opportunity that makes it best possible to utilize a workforce that is di verse. Nowadays in such a competitive world to fulfill a customer base that is extensive diverse it is very important to have a diverse workforce which is capable of making up for the customer base from every walk of life. For the companies that opt for retaining the homogenous workforces things are likely to become ineffective very soon. While recruiting the employees all the successful companies generally look for a diverse workforce and value them for their unique abilities and qualities. Analysis of Workforce Diversity Valuing and managing the workforce diversity is one of the key elements of effective management of people. This can ultimately enhance the workforce productivity and the overall performance of the company. The demographic changes like organizational restructuring, women in working places and the legislation related to equal employment opportunity require the companies a review of their management procedures and the development of new and innovative ways to manage people. Advantages of Workforce Diversity Diversity at the workplace has a lot of benefits that are discussed ahead. Workforce diversity is probable to lead towards an innovative and creative culture that has no limits. A diverse workforce can lead a profit making by ideas, creativity, innovation and exchange of knowledge (Esty, et al., 1995). An organization that has built up a rapport for diverse workforce is famous for attracting the best talent from all parts of the world. Marketing of products can be made easier as people with different backgrounds can come up with unique marketing campaigns that are likely to increase the sale. People from different areas speak different languages so the workforce that is diverse can understand and can develop better bonds with the customers as the company has employees that can speak various numbers of languages. Workforce diversity is also taken to play a crucial part in the effective solving of problems nowadays. By the diversity different talents are put together and different set of skills is used that increase productivity of the organization. By attracting and retaining the employees with diverse skills, competencies, talents, knowledge etc. the company is likely to win a competitive advantage. Diversity assists in building a synergy amongst teams and improves the communication skills. A lot of money can be saved by this diversification process as this is what the legislation of any country says. Challenges related to Workforce

Budget Transmittal Letter FY 2013 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Budget Transmittal Letter FY 2013 - Assignment Example The financial constraints over the past five years have allowed us to be more disciplined while still exercising some level of prudence. This is so as we ensure that we do what we have agreed to get done in the interest of serving the community. The Proposed Budget for Fiscal Year 2013 which is hereby transmitted takes into consideration the fundamental needs and the priorities that will help to improve or maintain the quality of life of the people in the community. The strategies that have been employed in preparing the Fiscal Year 2013 Proposed Budget has taken the approach of reducing departmental expenditures, government reform and new sources of generating revenue to boost shortfall. Each department will receive an amount that is proportional to the expenses that are expected to be incurred. We continue our quest and commitment to sustainability and this has been demonstrated in the time that has been spent examining and assessing priorities relating to the costs and services th at can be reduced. A high level of fiscal discipline on the part of stakeholders is still encouraged as in previous years. The approach that was taken in preparing the Proposed Budget for Fiscal Year 2013 is as follows: i. ... After all the above were accomplished, had the task of recommending the reductions that would facilitate the balancing of the budget in order to ensure its consistency with the overall goals of the City Council. There are still challenges even though we are recovering from the recession. In the previous Fiscal Year we identified structural deficits relating to that period, the current period and Fiscal Year 2014. Structural deficits have now been identified for Fiscal Year 2013 to the tune of $16.4 million. Departments are still encouraged to review their operations to determine where possible any additional cost reductions that might be possible. In taking a strategic approach which we established starting with the Fiscal Year 2012, we have been looking at the solutions that may be possible for the next three to five years. The operating budget is expected to be around $700 million and from this over $20 million is expected to be cut in order for the district to remain fiscally stab le (Puente 2012). See Appendix 1 and 2 for some of the reductions that have been proposed. The increased cost of employee retirements continues to represent a major part of the deficit and uncertainties still abound in respect of the California Public Employees Retirement System (PERS). The investments are not likely to recover what was expected in the initial period and so pension reforms are likely to continue until a surplus is generated. The returns on pension investments are expected to be about 7.75% and will not be able to cover the costs of pensions fully. There are continuing efforts to get employees to contribute more to their pension costs. There are some groups that have decided to increase their contributions. These include employees in the police department

Environmental Scan Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Environmental Scan Paper - Essay Example This research centres on the environmental scan of the internal and external environments of two real-world organizations, their competitive edges and firm strategies for developing value and sustaining competitiveness. Scanning of the environment particularly the internal organizational environment mainly looks at culture of the firm, the relations between employees, management and the shareholders. Moreover, it will also focus on the organizational structure, access to natural resources and product awareness. On the other hand, scanning of the external organizational environment dwells on the industry analysis, national and macro-environment. Industry environmental analysis evaluates the level of competition of the company and that of its rivals. The national environment examines the effect of the national framework for enabling an organization accomplishes competitive edge on the international scale. The macro-environment reveals the social, legal, political, economic and political effects on the functioning of an organization. Apple Inc. is a global organization with deals with computer software, consumer electronics and communication servers (Kang, 2013). The primary apple products include iPad, iPod, iPhone, and Macintosh computer. The company was officially registered by its original founders in 1977 in California and has been operating since its incorporation. Apple employs environmental scan to evaluate its business. The firm has been effective in the technology industry in which it operates. The success of this company is mainly attributed to its revolutionary ideas and capability to bring ideas to reality, revealing a sound business strategy. Internal environment The internal environment of Apple is characterized by dynamism, creativity, and flexibility. The organization internal environment has been built such that it promotes its workforce to participate in branding of the company image (Kang, 2013). Apple appreciates its employees for

The True Relation of Job Satisfaction and Job Performance Essay

The True Relation of Job Satisfaction and Job Performance - Essay Example The common sense view that a happy worker is a productive worker is taken to be true, but several studies by Iaffaldano and Munchinsky point out that there is no strong relationship between the two (as cited in Selladurai 1991). According to Fisher (2003), no matter how pervasive is this belief in people, it is largely incorrect. But if there is any relationship whatsoever between job satisfaction and job performance, it remains to be the "Holy Grail" of researchers in Organizational Behavior. Instead of a simple relationship, Selladurai inferred that the relationship of the two is complex. We cannot simply say that there is a direct or inverse relationship between the two (Selladurai 1991). Therefore, the solution to the problem of improving job performance is not really that straightforward. In reality, job performance drives job satisfaction. An employee will feel good if he or she has performed well, not the other way around. This is the consequence of a study testing three variables: job effort, job performance, and job satisfaction. Christen, Iyler, and Soberman predict that, generally speaking, while employee effort will have a positive relationship with job performance, it will have a negative relationship with job satisfaction. Taken together, Christen, Iyler, and Soberman's results highlight the need to consider effort, compensation, and job characteristics to better understand the connections between job performance, job satisfaction, and firm performance. Moreover, their study serves to challenge the view that job performance and job satisfaction are directly related in that increasing one will improve the other. At best, they are only weakly connected. The study also suggests that if firms want to motivate and keep their best employees, taking steps to improve their job performance might help improve their job satisfaction (as cited by McFarlin 2006). On the other hand, there exist a research finding as to why there appears to be a lack of relation between job satisfaction and job performance. People think that a productive, "happy" worker has job satisfaction. This is not necessarily correct. Wright and Cropanzano (1997) opine that instead of using job satisfaction as a variable (which is a measure of attitude) that has a direct relationship with job performance; researchers should use psychological well-being or the extent that "one feels good." Well-being is a measure of affect. Accordingly, consider two workers who are dissatisfied with their work. Eventually, one performed better than the other. What's the cause One felt that he will be promoted, while the other felt that nothing will change. A similar view is expressed by Providence College researcher Michelle Jones. After reviewing the literature on the Happy Worker/Productive Worker Hypothesis, she concluded that life satisfaction must be added to the equation and this is a better indicator of job performance (Jones 2006). Her life satisfaction variable corresponds to the well-being variable of Wright & Cropanzano. From the findings of several researchers, we find that the factors affecting job performance or the factors that job performance affects include those outside the work place. An employer may help improve an employee's well-being in the work place, but it cannot do so in other contexts. Therefore, an employer no matter how unkind has no

Spirituality in Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Spirituality in Health Care - Essay Example As a means of understanding this to a more effective degree, the following analysis will discuss the role that spirituality plays in helping to address this primary task. As such, for purposes of this analysis, the author will focus specifically upon the realm of the way in which spirituality can play a role in attending to the needs of the patient, the way in which a clear delineation between a given set of beliefs and/or proselytize nation must be separated from spirituality, and the innate importance of being continually cognizant and aware/appreciative of different beliefs and the different multicultural approaches to spirituality that the patients might have. Only thorough exemplification and examination of these topics will give more effective understanding of how spirituality can be engaged within the realm of healthcare provision. The following analysis will provide a brief introduction into the topic as well as discussing the way in which three separate faiths integrate with a comparative approach to healthcare. As such, the three faiths which will be referenced are as follows: Buddhist, Shinto, and Baha’i. ... nderstood that spirituality is still a very delicate topic due to the fact that it does not exist, nor is represented, categorically among each and every patient that seeks a level of treatment (Reimer-Kirkham et al. 203). Instead, spirituality is a highly personal component of an individual’s worldview. As such, it is the ultimate role of the healthcare provider to be cognizant of this and not to seek to foster any particular type of approach to spirituality. Instead, merely listening and being aware of any needs/beliefs that the patient might represent to the healthcare provider is a preliminary and essential task. In this way, the first faith to be discussed, Buddhism, it must be understood that the Buddhist approach to healthcare provision is ultimately quite depressing with regards to the way in which care and treatment can be provided. From the Buddhist interpretation, even the highest form of care can only be viewed from the standpoint that death can merely be delayed a nd suffering itself should not necessarily be sought to be averted in and of itself due to the fact that it has an innate potential for purification and the ability to allow the individual to come to a greater appreciation for life and an escalation towards the state of nirvana. All of this of course springs from the understanding that Buddhism holds as a tacit truth that suffering is a part of life and as such should be accepted without actively seeking to diminish it. With that being said, it is of vital importance that healthcare provider is not a means anyway, or at any time, to seek to promote a particular worldview or proselytize their own belief system to the patient. This is of course due to the fact that this represents a clear breach of professionalism and an overstepping of the

Fate and free will Essay Example for Free

Fate and free will Essay Fate is described as the power that determines the outcome of events before they occur, while free will is the act of freedom towards a decision. Oedipuss fate was determined before he was born, yet he took it into his own free will to end up the way he did.  The role of fate was simple; Oedipus would kill his father and marry his mother. Oedipus tried to prevent his fate by running away from his alleged parents, but the gods would still cause a catastrophe in Oedipuss life. The powers of the gods determined the events that occurred, such as, him marrying his actual mother and killing his father. One example of Oedipuss free will was the fact that he took it upon himself to travel from Corinth to Thebes so that he would not have the opportunity to kill his adopted father and marry his adopted mother. Another example of Oedipus showing free will arose when he killed Laius. He could have let Laius pass without any confrontation but instead killed him over who would pass in the street first. This caused a lot of turmoil in Thebes and nervous tension in Oedipuss life. Oedipus utilized his free will by not listening to people who told him his fate; for example, when Tiresias told Oedipus his fortune, that he would kill his father and marry his mother, Oedipus immediately brushed him off and condemned him. Before Oedipus stabbed his eyes out, he proclaimed, you shall not see me nor my crime, not see my present shame, go dark for all time blind. He took it upon himself to thrust his eyes out. He did this because he couldnt bare the shame of his life and he did not want to see what h is life would transpire to be. While the outcome was predetermined, Oedipus used his free will to determine how the events leading to the outcome would happen. The gods knew what would happen to Oedipus in the end, but did not take it upon themselves to make it occur. The act of Oedipus actually killing Laius, his real father, and marrying his mother, was his act of free will even though the outcome of the event was already predestined. While Oedipus tried to find out his true identity and find the killer of Laius he only tried to prevent his downfall once, in the beginning of the play and that was by leaving Corinth to get away from his assumed parents. During his reign he did not try to prevent his downfall. If he wanted to prevent his ruin he could have found out the truth secretly or he could have taken it upon himself to look for Laiuss killer or he could have kept the news to himself and no one would have ever known. In conclusion, fate and free will took place in the play. The gods knew what would happen to Oedipus and however Oedipus determined him self is how it would occur. It leads to wonder if our lives are head by free will or fate or if they go hand and hand.

Togetherness In Baghdad Essay Example for Free

Togetherness In Baghdad Essay The article seems to say that elections in Iraq do not seem to be working as an envisioned long term plan of the Americans to sway Iraq’s government into a democratic form. What seems to come out of the argument is that the arrival of the Americans can be questioned as either intervention for justice or plain meddling. Intervention for justice and democracy has been America’s greatest alibi to test their new weapons and missile guidance technology, while plain meddling can be related to the monopoly of the gate valves of Iraq’s oil wells. To Americans, it could be a win-win situation, while to people of the 3rd world, it is a lose-lose situation. The author also seems to be beating around the bush from another very strategic issue: oil prices. (China’s oil bill in 2005 was estimated to be US$ 2.0 trillion). The article relates that the Iraquis are not playing the role they are supposed to take since Saddam’s removal. It is like â€Å"God helps those who help themselves†, bad as it may seem as America may be playing the God role. In the meantime, Iraq people seem to be straddling along until someone makes a move that would be global in impact awareness, from there they can decide their moves on whether the Americans were right or wrong in coming there. So, just like for Vietnam, the story goes that American intervention at the start will work, but not in the long run. There is no formula for free- flowing acceptance of America’s intervention. I think the author is biased in favor of American intervention, but is hidden between the lines. (What is real is that the Yuan, China’s currency, did not devaluate, even as their oil bill rose.) Long term plans of the U.S. are â€Å"colored† and towards bringing back U.S. economy to high brisk and China seems to be an emerging threat for substitutes for U.S. products. This is just one aspect, and there have been many other strategies, especially in bringing profits to U.S. agriculture. In short, the U.S. may turn around its own economy at the expense of the economies of other nations, but this is hard to prove. Lastly, there is a time constraint for the Americans to establish democracy in Iraq, and if democracy does not work there and, in order for the time constraint to be extended, issues on human rights, togetherness, supply of aid, etc†¦, may always be the focus and blow-ups of articles in U.S. press. The U.S. press alone is monopolized by U.S. satellites. So, where are the issues leading to? The mightiest and strongest nation in the world (the U.S.) could have made a mistake about Saddam (although at this time he has been tried and convicted to death). Let us all close our eyes and try to imagine that such a mistake can be put aside, look at the other issues, and move forward. That’s life.

A Report Of Pace Leisurewear Ltd Finance Essay

A Report Of Pace Leisurewear Ltd Finance Essay Pace Leisurewear Ltd is a manufacturer of casual wear and designer leisure clothes company. Jill Dempsey and Mike Greaves are two co-founder of Pace Leisurewear Ltd. Lots of fresh experience in similar business and new ideas for developing a new range of clothes for young people motivate Jill and Mike to form such business to attracts younger and higher income market. Under guidance of Jane Barker, who is experienced designer, company had taken lots of efforts and spend lots of money to recruit young and talented design team. As expected design team produced range of clothes and welcomed by enthusiasm buyers. With the help of marketing team lead by Jill Dempsey, the sales was growing and orders had reached their highest level ever. Recession period Pace Leisurewear Ltd started trading due to average sales. After economy coming out of recession, companys sales started growing with new exports markets in France and Switzerland. Jill and Mike were very delighted when they received a ord er from Arena, which could be very important for companies growth over next few years in leisurewear business. Jill  and Mike invested all their life time savings as well as taken out large mortgages on their houses to invest in companies business. Major contribution added by Keeble Estates Ltd, owned by Keeble brother, David and John Keeble. The board of directors of Pace Leisurewear Ltd are Jill Dempsey, Mike Geaves, Jane Berker, David Keeble and John Keeble. Difficulties faced by Pace Leisurewear Ltd. The main problem which is company facing is reduction in bank overdraft by half over next six months. Even draft accounts details received from the auditors shows profit has more than doubled. Surprisingly company facing cash situation is so poor. Company invested a lots on additional plant and after selling old machines company didnt manage additional expenses includes  £2.8 million for depreciation. It is already clear from Keeble brothers that addition investment is not possible. Board directors not have financial expertise and business had crossed the overdraft limit on several occasions. Because of poor cash situation company need large amount of money to successfully execute new order from Arena and override Pace Leisurewears liquidity problem. Financing ratio analysis in the tabular format with relevant formulas : Profitability ratio : Ratio Formulas Year( 2008) Year( 2009) Return on capital employed (ROCE) Profit before interest and tax x 100% Capital Employed 2100 x100% 10474 =20 % 4618 x100% 15600 =29.7% Return on Equity(ROE) Ratio Profit after tax x 100% Share holder equity Formulas 1248 x100% 6874 =18.1% Year( 2008) 2926 x100% 9000 =32.7% Year( 2009) Gross Profit Margin Gross Profit x100% Sales 6510 x100% 14006 =46.5% 10792 x 100% 22410 =48.15% Net Profit Margin Net Profit bf interest tax x 100% Sales 2100 x100% 14006 =14.99% 4618 x100 22410 =20.6% Efficiency Ratio : Ratio Formulas Year( 2008) Year (2009) Stock Turnover in days Stock held x365 Cost of sales 2418 x365 7496 =117.73 days 5820 x365 11618 =182.84 day Debtors Turnover in days Trade Debtors x365 sales 1614 x365 14006 =42 days 3744 x365 22410 =61days Creditors Turnover in days Trade creditor x365 Purchases 1214 x365 7496 =59days 2612 x365 11618 =82 days Liquidity Ratio : Ratio Formulas Year (2008) Year (2009) Current Ratio Current Assets = Current Liabilities 4356 2482 =1.8:1 9974 8844 =1.12:1 Quick (acid test) ratio Current assets Stock Current Liabilities 4356 2418 2482 =0.8:1 9974-5820 8844 =0.5:1 Gearing Ratio: Ratio Formulas Year (2008) Year (2009) Gearing Ratio Fixed Interest Capital x100% Fixed interest capital + equity 3600 x100% 10474 =34.4% 6600 x100% 15600 =42.3% Financing position and performance of Pace Leisurewear Ltd Profitability Ratio: Every company is looking for its profitability. Ratio analysis is calculated with the help of different types of formulas. Ratio analysis help business to provide financial statements. Concerned with how much the company owes in relation to its size. It is improving its situation. Ratio gives very clear view of the financial stability rather than companies individual mathematical figures. Profitability ratio is most frequently used tools in financial ratio analysis. It shows companys performance and stability. Profitability ratio can be divided by margins and returns. All type of ratios can shows companies situation in the market, but ratios can not give any solution for any problem. Using companys profit and loss we can calculate its profitability. Here we will discuss profitability ratio for Pace Leisurewear Ltd. Return on Capital Employed : ROCE goes higher the companys profitability will increase. In year 2008 ROCE was around 20% and in year 2009 it increased to 29%. Even in year 2009 Profit before tax and interest was higher as compare to year 2008,but company also increase fixed assets and current assets. That was the reason companys ROCE is increased by 9% only. Return on Equity : The amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity. It will help for comparing the profitability of two companies, which are in the same industry. ROE for the year 2008 is 18.1% and in year 2009 was 32.7%,that means is double than 2008.Equity shows the total investment of the company. Higher the ROE goes shareholder get higher return. Dividend increased almost double as well as net profit after tax also increased, it means company is getting good return from shareholders equity. Gross Profit Margin : Gross profit margin prove the percentage of amount remaining after paying cost of sales. Companys total sales minus its cost of goods sold, divided by the total sales, which is represent in percentage. The higher percentage means more the company retain on each sales to its other costs. Gross profit margin for year 2008 was 46.5% and in year 2009 its increased to 48.15%. Because of cost of sales increased by 55% between last two years, it effected on gross profit margin. Companys gross profit increased by 65% over sales which is increased by 60%. Net Profit Margin : Net margin will vary from company to company and most companies will report their net margin both quarterly. it shows business net profitability.Net profit margin for 2008 was 14.99% and in year 2009 it increased by 20.6%.Net Profit after tax increased by around 134.5% over the same period. Increase in net profit after tax is a very good news for companys future. Efficiency Ratio: Company should invest in assets to run its operations. Efficiency ratio calculate how effectively company use its assets. It needs to be managed carefully. A good system of credit control is essential to any organisation. Stock Turnover ratio : It shows the number of days on average money is fixed up in stocks. Stock turnover shows how quickly goods move through the business. Profits must be increased if the rate of stock turnover can be increased. Stock is the part of working capital. Its important for working capital to as early as possible convert stock into cash to save from liquidity problem. In year 2008 stock turnover was 117.73 days and in year 2009 it increased to 182.84 days. Big turnover in days is not good for business because funds are very hard to use somewhere and funds got freeze with stock. Debtors turnover ratio ( days ): It will shows, how efficiently business can collecting its debts and how quickly company can solve debt problem. Short period of debt is not a big harm to company but the longer debt can effect on business badly. In year 2008 debtor turnover was 42 days and in year 2009 it increased to 61 days. It means longer time money will be stuck with debtors. Creditors turnover ratio (days) : This ratio shows ,how many days it takes to paying its debts. Cash must be retained within the organisation for longer period. Creditor turnover days must be always greater than debtors turnover days. Business holding creditors money for longer period so longer days with creditors turnover is good for companys business. In year 2008 creditors turnover in 59 days and in year 2009 it increased to 82 days. It seems to be good compare to debtors turnover days. Liquidity Ratio : Liquidity ratio shows companys ability to repay short term creditors out of its total cash. Current ratio must be in excess of 1. If it is greater than 1,it means ,its fully acceptable. There are two liquidity ration which is very simple to use and very important as well. These ration are :Current ratio and acid test ratio. It can pay its suppliers by having enough working capital. According to balance sheet for 2008,current assets are trade debtors, stock, cash and other debtors. Current liabilities are trade creditors, taxation, dividends, other creditors and bank overdrafts. Current Ratio: Current assets in year 2008 calculated as 4356k and in year 2009 is calculated as 9974k and current liabilities calculated for year 2008 as 2482k and in year 2009 is calculated as 8844k.As if we calculated current ratio should be 2:1,it means business has sufficient current assets to pay current liabilities. Current ratio in year 2008 is 1.8:1,it means company has sufficient liquidity to pay its debts, as year 2009 current ratio shows 1:12.Its increase shows company can pay its short term debts. Quick (acid-test) Ratio : Acid-test ratio does not includes value of stock so this ratio can calculate liquidity more accurate than current ratio. Fast stock turnover companys can keep acid test ratio comfortably less than 1. To calculate acid test ratio we will take out stock value from current assets. In 2008 acid test ratio was 0.8:1,which seems to be not bad. Next if we calculate for year 2009 the acid test ratio shows to 0.5:1which seems to be very unhealthy. Stock calculated in year 2008 was 2418k and in year 2009 is 5820k,it means company keeps more than doubled its stock. Acid test ratio for current year is showing company is in big trouble with its liquidity. Gearing Ratio: Gearing ratio calculate of financial leverage which demonstrate the percentage to which business activities are funded by owner fund versus creditor funds. There is no limitation to how much gearing ratio responsible to be. Company having less than 50% gearing ratio can be specify as a low geared. Also if company having more than 50% gearing ratio can be specify as a high geared ratio. In year 2008 gearing ratio was 34.4% and in year 2009 gearing ratio shows 42.3%.Comparing with this two years, in 2009 company is higher geared than in year 2008.Company top up loan amount by 6600k which is approximately 83%.Company have to pay more interest because of its higher loan and it can be effected companys capital, which they will end up in paying dividends. Last two year ratio clearly shows that company is having difficulty with liquidity in coming years. Top of that bank is going to reduce overdraft by half percent in next six months and this is not affordable by company to fulfil new order which is come from Arena, Pace Leisurewear Ltd have to complete this order to stay in the leisurewear market. Plan of Action : After writing this report for Pace Leisurewear Ltd ,there are few points, which need to be look into, as follows : 1.One positive point is company is highly profitable, but it is very difficult to convince potential investors to invest in company because its gearing ration is high and facing a liquidity problem .Some investor can invest with risks in exchange for future high returns. 2. There is chance to small investment from suppliers and customers after explaining companys future plan and current orders proposal. 3.Try to convert stock in cash for short term. Efficiency ratio shows large number of stock turnover effecting companys cash. 4.Pace Leisurewear Ltd need to be appoint some one who is expertise in financial activities to take control of the finances and investment of the business. 5.Company should be take a total control to expanding business activities, like concentrate on order completion in time. 6.Reduce stock level and minimize debtors collection period for short term. 7.Try to lease, so company can save money on purchasing fixed assets. Total words : 2025 References used for this report : Atrill P. And McLaney E.(2006), Accounting and finance for non-specialists. 5th Edition. London : Prentice Hall Europe Dr. Saeudy M. (2010) Lecture notes, Ratio Analysis, Accounting and Finance module. Tracy J.A. (2008) Accounting for Dummies. 4th Edition. Indiana :Wiley Publishing, Inc

The Isolate Passenger :: Short Stories Crime Punishment Books Essays

The Isolate Passenger It was a Saturday the day he cried. Early and bitter, the tears were warm and moved in spurts down his face, his whiskers aiding in the formation of tributaries. Cloaked in an afghan and the capitulation of his loneliness, he sat, legs forming a peak, hands clasped loosely in front. Rocking forward and slightly back, he attempted to shake the burden of his inconsiderations. They had mounted and surmounted and he felt ill. He appeared ill, his affect manic as he trembled from an appearance of indignation to trepidation to apathy. Before rising from the chair he felt warm and resolute, lucid. But that was before, and only briefly. He snapped his legs forward and to the floor with the precision of a samurai, composed. The uncoreographed motions that followed were spastic, his fists and arms and palms striking the sky with malice. Such a fit had resulted in a broken hand 5 years earlier. Four months prior to that, such a fit had pinnacled with pieces of a convenient end table mottling th e carpet. This most recent occurrence ended where it started and he dressed, with little consideration for hygiene or otherwise. Exiting, he snatched a back pack and swung the door towards him, managing to forge a distance of 6 feet between himself and the house before it latched precisely behind him. His house was in the residential district of a typical college town, approximately ten blocks removed from campus. Oak trees lined the block, squandering the rain they had collected from the previous evening’s shower; above average sized drops fell randomly on and around him. He had only within the last year begun to enjoy the rain. Before it had been significant only as an agent of somnolence, but now the ominous gray skies and consequential downpours were almost preferred. That Saturday the sky was opaque. It paralleled his mood. Walking a half-step behind what would have been determination, he crossed the paths of seventeen night crawlers and one stray cat before reaching a tunnel that ducked under and around a stream that ran perpendicular to his mood. His eyes were level with the ground, his hands dan gling from his thumbs, his thumbs hooked to the backpack straps. Within sight was the opulent green of a park littered with picnic tables and grills, surrounded on three sides by looming Oak and Maple

Communication is Structure :: Business Communication Essays

In collapsible corporations, communication is the dynamic structure between the individual members that shapes and guides the progress and actions of the people. It is the communication that coordinates and not formal written procedures. The success of dynamic organizational forms such as collapsible corporations is inversely related to the quantity and quality of communication between members around the world. Problems arise when communication slows or stops and progress is taken for granted- requiring hypercommunication to achieve subsequent residual recovery of right direction. Problems are just uncommunicated differences- in actions and expectations. (used 10/22/00 This intense deliberate communication is itself a transaction cost- it needs working hard at and may not always be business- you provide deliberate opportunities to other people in the collapsible corporation to explain and notify about problems- but naturally they do not actually arise every time members communicate. But the benefits from avoidance of misunderstanding achieved from effective and honest ongoing inter-personal communication- facilitated by technology tools such as the Net- make such dynamic organizations possible and also prevent greater, later costs incurred from error correction. Of course the communication needs to be timely and truthful for it to be valuable- it needs to be proactively stated, discussed, openly, honestly and fully disclosed. For remote communications, the use of Internet email, fixed and in particular mobile telephones is often prolific. There should be regular broadcast news and information in the form of say email messages updating members around the world on how the business is doing and latest developments. Informal discussion of this news, plus the formal emails kept different people in different places up to date with these moves. This kept people in different time zones in touch with the same information distributing at low charge around the world. Periodic face-to-face meetings are also necessary to supplement and balance this electronic communication- just as with teleworking, the balance between electronic and physical and the overriding dominance of neither is very important to the success of the venture. Respect and trust and so on is important in relations between colleagues, with some people easier to talk and relate to than others, but primarily, as long as activities and approaches were agreed to by other managers, you are okay.

soc paper :: essays research papers

WORK, WELFARE, AND SINGLE MOTHERS If you want to know a big problem in our country today it is single mothers and welfare. If you look at all the money that we throw away each and every year, you wouldn=t think this would be a problem. With all the rich giving to the poor, some should go to single parents trying their best to take care of their children. This could be easy, if they would just go and get a job they would be off welfare very quickly. But it isn=t that easy, study=s show that most welfare mothers have bad or no schooling at all, they are the woman that has been lay off of work, and the one=s that are young and don=t have enough to pay for their child=s living conditions. A lot of things changed in 1996 as federal lawmakers dramatically changed the rules poor people live by and made states responsible for implementing these rules. Twenty-five percent of the mothers on each state=s welfare caseload must be working by the end of 1997. By 2002, fifty percent must be working. Studies show that mothers that leave the welfare to quickly are the one=s that will not make it far in life, not far in life but the one=s that will be the least likely to succeed in getting off welfare and taking care of their families. Their main problem is making the transaction from welfare to work. They have problems making ends meat. They sometimes receive extra money from community groups, local charities, working extra jobs, obtaining cash from network members. They have to hid most of their income from their caseworkers so they could keep their welfare benefits. It was also hard for working mothers as they faced larger budget deficits than welfare mothers because they often didn=t Medicaid and had considerable work-related expenses. Working mothers had less time to work a side job or even get extra money from community groups and charities. It is a known fact that is harder to make ends meet when working than collecting welfare. All the studies are from four main cities which are Boston, Chicago, Charleston, and San Antonio. These were the cities picked to represent the study. The cost of living was different in all these places. They took into consideration different races, age, education, work experiences, and the background they came from. All these differed in all areas due to these things.

Battle of Kursk

In the winter and spring of 1943, after their terrible defeat in Stalingrad, clearly outnumbered and losing the initiative in the eastern front, Hitler and the German High Command were asking themselves what to do next, in the summer of 1943. The situation was bad not only in the war front. While Russian tank production increased to unbelievable levels, the German obsession for complex new super weapons, like the advanced but then immature Panther and Tiger tanks, largely reduced German tank production. General Guderian, the best German armor expert and commander, said â€Å"As interesting as these designs were, the practical result was just a reduced production of the Panzer 4, our only efficient tank then, to a very modest level. â€Å". Shortly before the battle of Kursk Guderian added, about the Panther and its crews, â€Å"They are simply not ready yet for the front†. In early 1943 the Germans were about to destroy their own tank production rates by terminating Panzer 4 production in return for a production of just 25 new Tigers per month, but at a moment of reason Hitler gave control of tank production to Guderian who stopped this idea. The German plan The debate in the German High Command about what to do in the summer of 1943 was between two options, the realistic option and the enthusiast-optimist option: * The realistic option, supported by Guderian and Manstein, the best German field commanders, and by others, suggested to compensate for the large Russian numerical advantage by fully utilizing the superiority of the German commanders and soldiers in tactics, command, and fighting, by a strategy of dynamic mobile defense that would cause great losses to the Russians in a series of local clashes. The realistic goal was to stop and delay the Russians, as decisive victory was no longer achievable. * The enthusiast-optimistic option, proposed by General Zeitzler, chief of staff of the German army, suggested to concentrate almost all German tanks, and other forces, to a major decisive battle against a large portion of the Russian armor, in order to destroy them and by doing so hopefully regain the initiative. The most suitable place for such a battle, as Zeitzler proposed, was the Kursk salient, a wide region around the city of Kursk, about half way between Moscow and the black sea, where the Germans surrounded the Russians from three sides. It was obvious that the Russians will keep a large tank force there, and the plan was to encircle them in a classic Blitzkrieg style pincer movement of German tanks from North and South and destroy them. Zeitzler's plan was code named Operation Citadel. When Hitler discussed the two options with his Generals on May 4th, exactly two months before the German attack began, it became clear that each of the two options had a major problem. The major problem with Zeitzler's plan to attack the Kursk salient, was that aerial photos clearly revealed that the Russians were building dense and deep fortifications there in order to counter such an attack, and that many Russian tanks were moved deeper behind the front line. Instead of an open battlefield Blitzkrieg, it was going to be a direct charge on dense anti-tank defenses. General von Mellenthin warned that such a direct attack will be a â€Å"Totenritt†, a ride to death, for the German tanks. In response to Guderian's worries, Hitler himself admitted that whenever he think of this planned attack, his guts turn. The major problem with Guderian's option was that it lacked the charm, enthusiasm, and optimistic hope for a major change in the war that Zeitzler's plan had. So the enthusiast Hitler decided in favor of Zeitzler's plan, and calmed his worries of it by ordering to delay the attack for a while in order to incorporate more of the brand new advanced German tanks and tank destroyers in it. The date was set to July 4, 1943. Once the order was given, the Germans prepared as best as they could. The entire region was photographed from above, the German commanders visited the front line to observe their intended routes, and the Germans concentrated all available forces in two armies, North and South of the Kursk salient, leaving minimal forces along the rest of the long Russian front. The German force included a total of 50 divisions, including 17 armor and mechanized divisions. These included the most powerful and best equipped German divisions, such as the Gross Deutschland (Great Germany) division and the Waffen-SS tank divisions Leibstandarte (Hitler's bodyguards), Totenkopf (Death skull), and Das Reich (The Reich). The Germans concentrated all their new armor, the Tiger and Panther tanks, and the mighty new Elefant tank destroyers, which had a front armor thicker than a battleship's armor. They also concentrated all available air units and artillery, and despite the problems of the German plan it was a formidable concentrated mobile armor force with great offensive potential. The Russian preparations Thanks to their â€Å"Lucy† spy network, which operated high ranking sources in Germany via Switzerland, the Russians didn't just expect the German attack, they knew all about it. They received the full details of the German plan, and the Russian military intelligence was able to verify most details in the front to ensure that the information was real, not disinformation. The Russians prepared eight defense lines one behind the other, and also positioned their entire strategic mobile reserve East of the Kursk salient, in case the Germans will penetrate thru all these defense lines, which indeed happened. The Russian plan was simple. First, they will let the Germans attack as planned right into their series of very dense defense lines, and after the German armor will be crushed there, the Russian army will start its strategic attack North and South of the Kursk salient and push the Germans West along a wide part of the front. The Russian defense was unprecedented in its density. A total of 1,300,000 Russian soldiers with 3600 tanks, 20,000 guns, including 6000 76mm anti-tank guns, and 2400 aircraft were concentrated in and around the Kursk salient. It was about a fifth of the Russian military personnel, over a third of the tanks and over 1/4 of the aircraft. They laid 3400 mines per each kilometer of the front, half of them anti-tank mines, and over 300,000 civilians dug thousands of kilometers of anti-tank trenches and other fortifications. The Russian lines were filled with numerous anti-tank guns organized in groups of up to 10, each group commanded by one officer and firing at the same target. The Russian camouflage was superb, the Germans said that until they were hit by them, they could identify neither the Russian mine fields nor their anti-tank gun positions. To avoid forcing the Germans to divert from their known plan, Russian air attacks were delayed until the German tanks already moved into the trap. The Russians were as ready as they could be. The battle of Kursk The German attack finally began, in the afternoon of July 4, 1943, as planned. The German armor spearheads, led by the most armored and most powerful Tigers and Elefants, advanced forward in the wheat fields toward the Russian lines. Then came wave after wave of anti-tank aircraft attacks by both sides, German Stukas attacked dug in Russian tanks and Russian Sturmoviks attacked the German tanks. The fighters of both sides engages in air combats over the battlefield, and each side's massive heavy artillery also fired. The advancing German tanks suffered rapidly increasing losses from the dense Russian anti-tank defenses, but pressed forward. Once the German heavy tanks reached into the Russian defense lines, they could finally be hit and destroyed from their sides, where they were not so armored as from the front. At this short range they also lost their superiority in long range firing from their powerful guns. In the North, the German attack advanced only 10km into the Russian lines in two days and was stopped, after losing about 25,000 soldiers and 200 tanks, but fighting continued. In the South, where they had stronger forces, the Germans sent all their reserves forward and pressed on despite the losses. On July 12, after a week of heavy fighting with heavy casualties in both sides, General Hoth, the German commander in the South side of the Kursk salient, decided to concentrate all his remaining tanks, about 600, and press forward with all their concentrated force deeper, past the last remaining Russian defense line, and into an area more suitable for tank warfare near the small village Prokhorovka. He didn't know that at this point in the battle, the Russian High Command already predicted this development, and since the German advance in the North was stopped, they could now safely send their armor reserve to meet the advancing German tanks in the South. The Russians ordered their entire 5th Guards tank army, which so far didn't participate in the battle, to hurry at maximum speed from its position East of Kursk to meet the German tanks advancing near Prokhorovka. Due to very bad visibility, with thick smoke and dust, when the Russian tanks met the German tanks the next morning, they didn't stop advancing until they were all around and between them, so about 1500 German and Russian tanks fought in a fierce battle of very short firing distances in which the Germans could not exploit their technological superiority in longer range fighting. The Germans lost more than half of their remaining tanks in this great clash which lasted eight hours, and the Russians lost greater numbers. The battle was decided. The next day Hitler ordered to stop Operation Citadel, and the Russians started their counter attack North of Kursk. After the battle The battlefield in Kursk was filled with many hundreds of burnt tanks and crashed aircraft, and so many dead soldiers. The difference was that while the Russians suffered heavy losses but could continue as planned and shift from defense to a large counter attack in a wide front, the German army in the East just lost the core of its remaining force. In the summer of 1941 the German army attacked Russia and was stopped only near Moscow. In the summer of 1942 the German army attacked in South Russia and reached the Volga river at Stalingrad before it was stopped, and lost the strategic initiative to the recovering Russian army. In the summer of 1943, in the battle of Kursk, the much weaker German army broke its fist and lost its best remaining units in its attempt to regain the initiative in one last major attack, for which the Russians were fully prepared. After the battle of Kursk, the war in the eastern front was a long Russian advance, in which the Russian army returned to all the territory it lost to the Germans, conquered all of Eastern Europe, and reached all the way to Germany and to Berlin and won the war. The Germans could no longer attack or stop the Russian advance, and were just pushed back in a long retreat.

Abraham Lincoln: Civil War President Essay

I am of rail anti-sla genuinely. If slave cargo holding is non wrong, nonhing is wrong. Abraham capital of NebraskaWhat seems to be very superficial approximately the temperament and character of Abraham capital of Nebraska proves to be kinda profound afterwards an abundant investigation of his keep. Mystifying his contemporaries and late historians alike, the numerous volumes of scholarly look over the past 150 years is shoot for of the challenges incidental to unraveling the complexities of the patch many call to as the great emancipator. Richard Carwadines capital of Nebraska A Life of point and author and W unhingediam Gienapps Abraham capital of Nebraska and elegant war America present excellent biographic research that contrast and compliment their subject and describe the extenuating circumstances that besides adds to capital of Nebraskas complexity. Carwadines research covers familiar ground still adapts itself by by counsellinging decisi scarce on school principals about capital of Nebraskas semipolitical dreaming and ag intercepta and his exercise of proponent. get much(prenominal) The stages of consumer buying decision puzzle out essayThe American normal is flying to judge their chairs while assessing their achievements decisively and without reserve. Carwadine argues that capital of Nebraskas great achievement was to set ambitious only when realizable governmental goals to fathom the thinking of ordinary citizens and to area out to them with uncommon say-so and to perfect his impressive aptitudes as a handler of the frequently unstable and fractious elements that make up the political graphic symbolies to which he belonged. 2 Gienapps elementary ambition is to show how the green, novel chair handled the four years of crisisand how he became such an extraordinary war leader.3The transmutation from his down in the mouth origins as a rail-splitter to masterful politician and leader of the cou ntry fronts to explicitly defy expla terra firma. However, capital of Nebraska corpse and enigma for many the great unwashed. He is confusing, effortful to under(a) jut out, and by many accounts, appears to be unequal to(p) of executing the childlyst of tasks. in time, this is the wonder of capital of Nebraskas character and what makes him appealing to so many. His ambitionand particularly his hunger for public lighthad been evident from his young manhood in the earliest 1830s. 4 Obviously, in order to adopt a greater understanding of who Abraham capital of Nebraska was, maven must take a brief look into his childhood. Modern psychologists baron suggest that capital of Nebraskas family was very dysfunctional.His fathers constant move of the family and never seeming to be live up to to be get down more than a simple farmer, only contri merelyed to the strained human race surrounded by capital of Nebraska and his father. Most prominent people byout history engende r often cited a parent, sibling, or other close relative or friend as having been a great influence on their life. not so for capital of Nebraska who upon losing his father to milk sickness, went on to form a constructive and enduring bond with his stepmother. A remarkable woman, Sarah Bush capital of Nebraska exerted an extensive influence on Abrahamwho he called Mama. He later s caution that she had been his best adept in this world and that no countersign could love a Mother more than he loved her. 5The same cannot be said of capital of Nebraskas relationship with his father, which at best was superficial and distant. When capital of Nebraska received word of his fathers failing health and was requested to apply home at once, capital of Nebraska declined to come to his fathers side. When his father passed on, capital of Nebraska did not attend the funeral. It was a volition to his feelings toward his father. And, if capital of Nebraska had ever harbored any ill will or inne r hate about his father, he never allow it be known.capital of Nebraska seldom discussed his relationship with his father, let alone his family, and his reticence was quite characteristic of the man who would someday keep back the same trait as president. I would argue that their troubled relationship was the primary winding reason that throughout his life, Abraham capital of Nebraska keenly regretted the want of educational opportunities in his youth. 6 lacking(p) the st tycoon of a consistent family life, capital of Nebraska was not afforded the type of educational opportunities that more or less of his contemporaries enjoyed. On the upside, Lincoln possess the lovesome individualistic spirit that was epitomized by the fron stratum that served to enhance his image. Most would lead his constant drill as idleness, or simply being down set lazy. But for Lincoln, spending clip in his books not only gave him time alone, which he craved, it also provided him the opportunity to learn and instruct the all important characteristic of self-improvement. zero(prenominal) being one to hold grudges, Lincolns own experience of acquire on in life tended to indicate rather than to blur his meritocratic vision, though the process was complex. 7 This philosophy would effect the design for Lincolns outlook on life and would reddentually transcend his brass. many an(prenominal) of Lincolns contemporaries, and modern historians, have suggested his views of self have contri thated to his melancholic come along to life in general and the predestinarianic view that pervades his thought process.Lincoln countd on that point was no freedom of will, that men had no free choice. 8 Perhaps this explains Lincolns indifference toward his father and family. It may even further explain his apparent electronegativity and melancholy perspective on lifes events. Contrary to universal belief, however, fatalismdid not constantly show itself negatively in Lincoln, since it sometimes seems to have given him the assurance he unavoidable to persist in whatever course of action he believed had been thus ordained. 9While some scholars ability de marginine Lincolns fatalist outlook would be a loss to his abilities to lead the nation, especially during the civic War, I would argue to the contrary I believe it obligate Lincoln to lead more aware, more conscious, of his own ambitions and how he efficacy individually impact society. Lincoln could bend easily frustrated and moody, I believe, because of his knock-down(prenominal) desire to surpass his fathers legacy. no only was he a man of convictions, Lincoln would continually tense to establish someone of significance.Politics would become the avenue by which he could do just that. Gienapp argues Lincolns superior ambition had al expressive styles been to serve in the Senate. 10 He possessed a strong desire to serve humankind and had the chance to establish himself as a politician. It was during his time in the Illinois legislature, and later, through his debates with Stephen Douglas over the perpetuation of slavery, that Lincoln developed his political ideals that would aid him during the tumultuous times in the flannel House.Lincoln seemed to possess an innate aesthesis for the understanding of his constituency and direction of public opinion. With the a get hold of the Missouri agree, he reekd a new moralistic outrage that existed not only in his home evince of Illinois, but also throughout much of the northern United States. Although Lincoln had always chief(prenominal)tained his distaste for the institution of slavery, his moral warmheartedness now ran deeper as he shifted his primary focus from economic issues to slavery. 11 The credence of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 would give rise to the formation of a new anti-slavery fellowship that would eventually become the Republican party. When parole over the repeal of the Missouri Compromise surfaced, Lin coln avoided any discussion in his speeches of nativism, prohibition, or even economic issuesinstead, he foc utilize exclusively on the Kansas-Nebraska Act. 12It was at this time in his race that Lincoln was bonnie a well-known and popular orator among the Illinois populace and was often invited to let out outside his congressional district. Lincoln use these opportunities to begin to formulate and promote his thoughts on slavery. Although much of his argument was establish on earlier anti-slavery leaders, such as salmon P. Chase, Lincoln presented them in an unusually legal fashion. 13 I believe it was during this time finis that Lincoln also began to sense that he was destined to accomplish something great for mankind.I do not, however, believe he had intentions of fitting president, or ending slavery outright, but there seems to have existed a cancel that ignited a unique passion within Lincoln that had not existed previously. I believe he began to formulate his to the highest degree inward thoughts and outwardly transform them to accommodate to public opinion. I must point out, however, that this did not mean Lincoln simply told the public what they wanted to hear, rather he possessed a unique skill in knowing when to reveal his opinions to the public and present them in a way that appealed to their common senses. Although not a charismatic speaker, Lincoln was enchanting and knew how to move a crowd.It was at this point in his career that the Declaration of Independence became a of import component of Lincolns thought. Hailing it as the first precept of our ancient faith, he henceforth designated it (rather than the Constitution) as the nations founding charter. 14 This change of direction would become instrumental in Lincolns upward advancement through the American political process and explain the reasons why, as president, he would expand the constitutional powers of the presidency through the justification that his actions were out of in dispensableness for the preservation of the union.Just how did Lincoln become president? For many students of history Lincoln is an enigma. By modern standards, his humble background, rangy physical features (altogether homely as set forth by some), and irritating speech would but present the kind of credentials prerequisite to win a political party nomination, stock-still alone, presidential election. However, in 1860, presidents were normally selected based on their potential to govern. A medical prognosiss skills and abilities along with previous governmental experience were paramount to fetching the partys nomination, and hopefully, national election.Supporters were drawn to Lincolns nomination for the Republican Party as president. Lincoln was not a front-runner by any kernel. Yet his national notoriety and speeches on slavery, the 1858 senatorial debates with Douglas, and pragmatic and humble nature manifest itself a grass-roots appeal among the partys delegates that would help to propel him to the presidency. Americas new mass democratic forms had edit a premium on the electable, or available, candidate. A sequence of nominations in all(prenominal) presidential race since 1840 had shown that national political standing and proven decision maker ability came in a poor instant to supposed electoral availability. 15There are several avenues of research to follow regarding Lincolns presidency. I will think my paper by looking at the constitutional issues surrounding his decision to liberate the slaves in 1863. One of Lincolns strengths as a war leader was that he always kept his focus on the larger questions, rather than turn embroiled in personal disputes. 16 From the onset, Lincoln made it clear that his intentions toward the conspiracy were to not step in with slavery where it existed. He systematically maintained his opposition to the extension of slavery into the Western Territories. Despite his claims, eleven Confederate nations woul d secede from the Union and form the Confederacy.The question now before the president was what course of action is required to end the state of rebellion that existed in the Southern part of the United States. The steps that Lincoln took during the early stages of the war showed an impressive and instinctive earn of strategic essentials. He had three main objectives.He must nourish and go for northern political supportdo all in his power to change the Unionist elements in the upper tier of slave statesprevent the war from becoming an international conflict. 17 The slave question was the roughly difficult issue before the president. Because he had no constitutional power to interfere with slavery in the states, and because he needed to retain the support of recoil States and Democrats, Lincolnrepeatedly defined his policy as restoration of the Unionwhich of course meant a Union with slavery. 18The issues over emancipation were complex. The Confederacy was already using slaves as laborers in their war effort. If Lincoln were to emancipate take flight slaves that reached Union lines, they too could be used for service in the Union army and navy. However, Lincoln was reluctant to adopt such a policy for fear of losing the Border States. Secessionist trys already existed in Maryland and in the wars early months, jeopardize to envelop Washington, D.C. and thus separate the nations capitol from the no.th. But as the war became a prolonged affair, Lincoln began referring to the term indispensable means to preserve the Union. 19 find out what exactly this meant was unexpended to Lincolns interpretation that his actions, or means that under normal conditions would be deemed unnecessary, even extraconstitutional, major(ip) power in extremis become an indispensable urgency to achieve a lawful end 20 and as field hands and force laborers, slaves gave the Confederates formidable strength. Extraordinary measuresemancipation by declarationhad become the indis pensable means to preserve the national existence. 21Unfortunately for Lincoln, the emergence of the contract was also political. Without any major Union victory on the skirmishfield, emancipation business leader appear to be a last-ditch effort at winning the war. By mid-1862, when Lincoln first make the basis of the proclamation, the Union army had notwithstanding to win a decisive meshing against the Rebels in the Eastern Theater. The president would appear to have no real support for issuing the emancipation proclamation until a decisive victory had been won.That opportunity came in mid-September when Lees army was forced to retreat from Maryland after the battle of Antietam. Lincoln then took advantage of the Union victory and formally announced the proclamation on September 22, 1862. The emancipation proclamation would go into effect on January 1, 1863 and would only affect those slaves residing in Southern states that remained in rebellion. With a stroke of the pen, L incoln had changed the nature of the war. Both sides understood that the war had been basically transformed, that the Union was no longer contend to restore the old Union but to create a new one. 22Gienapp and Cawardine hold similar viewpoints in their boilersuit sound judgment of Abraham Lincoln, however, their focus varies. In the scope of the Civil War, Gienapp concludes that Lincoln became an accomplished and extraordinary presidenthad a sure sense of timing, knew when to stand firm and when to compromise, and displayed an absolute genius for getting individuals of diverse viewpoints to work together. 23 There is postcode profound about his assessment and accurately represents the humble nature of Lincoln. Cawardines closing curtain transcends Lincolns death that is embraced by what Henry Ward Beecher described as a new impulse of patriotism. 24Furthermore, he bequeathed an enhanced and ambitious nationalism to his successorswhose operable policy grew from a strong sense o f moral purpose and his course as president was shaped not by impulsive, self-aggrandizing action or self-righteousness, but by deep thought, breadth of vision, minute concern for consequences, and a remarkable lack of pride. 25 Even though Lincoln may remain an enigma to modern historians, one is hard pressed to fail to fleck the fortitude and courage of a man so humble, so simple, so incompetent to be president, but to recognize he truly arrived at his lifes ambitionto be a humble servant of his fellow man. What a herculean testament and legacy Lincoln left for posterity.1 Rasmussen, R. Kent. Library diary. Vol. 131, Issue 20 (Dec., 2006), p. 181. 2 Carwardine, Richard. Lincoln A Life of Purpose and index. (New York Knopf Publishing), 2003, p. x. 3 Gienapp, William. Abraham Lincoln and Civil War America. (New York Oxford University Press), 2002, p. xi. 4 Carwardine, p. 3.5 Gienapp, pp. 4-5.6 Ibid., p. 5.7 Carwardine, p. 19.8 Guelzo, Allen. Abraham Lincoln and the school of t hought of Necessity. The ledger of Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 18, none 1 (Winter, 1997), p. 57. 9 Ibid., p. 58.10 Gienapp, p. 53.11 Ibid. p. 50.12 Ibid.13 Ibid., p. 5114 Ibid.15 Carwardine, p. 111.16 Gienapp, p. 97.17 Carwardine, p. 164.18 McPherson, James. How President Lincoln trenchant to Issue the Emancipation annunciation. The journal of Blacks in Higher Education. no 37 (Autumn, 2002), p. 108. 19 Carwardine, p. 198.20 Ibid.21 Ibid., p. 207.22 Gienapp, p. 125.23 Ibid., p. 192.24 Carwardine, p. 321.25 Ibid.BIBLIOGRAPHYThe journal articles and essays listed downstairs provided a deeper understanding of Abraham Lincoln and were panegyric to the primary research materials for my paper. Each reading provided additional insight on Lincoln and served to enhance my get alongd paper. Ive only cited direct quotes and ideas from individual articles while inferring generalizations from the complete works listed to a lower place.The following essays provide critical analysis of Lincolns overall approach to the political process through the examination of his personal views and attitudes to the political mood during the antebellum and Civil War years.Carwardine, Richard. Lincoln, evangelical Religion, and American Political Culture in the Era of the Civil War. daybook of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter, 1997), pp. 27-55.Rawley, James. The nationalism of Abraham Lincoln Revisited. daybook of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 22, No. 1 (Winter, 2001), pp. 33-88.Siemers, David. Principles Pragmatism Abraham Lincolns Method of Political Analysis, presidential Studies quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Dec. 2004), pp. 804-827.The following essays domiciliate a concise overview of Lincolns handling of emancipation and the issue of civil liberties for blacks and the complications associated in dealing with the abolitionist movement and retention of Border States during his tenure in office.Berwanger, Eugene. Lincolns Constitutional pr edicament Emancipation and Black Suffrage. Papers of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 5 (1983), pp. 25-38.Gienapp, William. Abraham Lincoln and the Border States, ledger of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 13 (1992), pp. 13-46.Guelzo, Allen. Lincoln and the Abolitionists, The Wilson Quarterly (1976-), Vol. 24, No. 4 (Autumn, 2000), pp. 58-70.McPherson, James. How President Lincoln Decided to Issue the Emancipation announcement, The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 37 (Autumn, 2002), pp. 108-109.An in-depth examination of Lincolns alternative to the law of war is masterfully presented in Burrus Carnahans Act of evaluator Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War. (Lexington University Pressof Kentucky), 2007.Although there exists a great deal of scholarship on the question of constitutional authority and executive power, these listed below offered a succinct overview of the manner in which Lincoln answered his critics and charges of extending execut ive power beyond what was historically granted the president and its impact on the modern executive.Balz, Herman. Abraham Lincoln and American Constitutionalism, The Review of Politics. Vol. 50, No. 2 (Spring, 1988), pp. 169-197.Fehrenbacher, Don and Tudor, Jacob. Lincolns Wartime lead The First Hundred Days, Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 9 (1987), pp. 1-18.Guelzo, Allen. Abraham Lincoln and the article of faith of Necessity, Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter, 1997), pp. 57-81.Hyman, H. M. Abraham Lincoln, Legal Positivism, and Constitutional report, Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Vol. 13 (1992), pp. 1-11.Kleinerman, Benjamin. Lincolns Example Executive Power and the Survival of Constitutionalism, Perspectives on Politics. Vol. 3, No. 4 (Dec., 2005), pp. 801-816.McLaughlin, Andrew. Lincoln, the Constitution, and Democracy, International Journal of Ethics. Vol. 47, No. 1 (Oct., 1936), pp. 1-24.Underwood, James. Linco ln A Weberian politician Meets the Constitution, Presidential Studies Quarterly. Vol. 34, No. 2 (Jun., 2004), pp. 341-365.Obviously, no study on Lincoln would be complete without the investigation into the grapple of the Civil War itself. The works listed below presented valuable insight into the challenges facing the new elected president, theissues surrounding the restoration and reconstructive memory of the nation, the origins of the development of the Union policy of constitutional war, and lastly, the unique perspective of the manner in which the Southern soldier fought during the war.Donald, David. The Confederate as a Fighting Man, The Journal of Southern History. Vol. 25, No. 2 (May, 1959), pp. 178-193.Kaczorowski, Robert. To attempt the Nation Anew Congress, Citizenship, and Civil Rights after the Civil War, The American diachronic Review. Vol. 92, No. 1 (Feb., 1987), pp. 45-68.Ramsdell, Charles. Lincoln and foregather Sumter, The Journal of Southern History. Vol. 3, No. 3 (Aug., 1937), pp. 259-288.Sutherland, Daniel. Abraham Lincoln, John Pope, and the Origins of Total War, The Journal of Military History, Vol. 56, No. 4 (Oct., 1992), pp. 567-586. donnish research on the life and political career of Abraham Lincoln is nothing new. For my paper, the primary books selected for my research are not extraordinary, but serve to compliment the volumes of works use to our nations sixteenth president. A well-known Civil War historian wrote one of my selected books while a non-American authored the second. I thought this would enhance my research that might present two varying biographic perspectives on Lincoln. I can honestly state that I was not foil by either work.Gienapp, William. Abraham Lincoln and Civil War. (New York Oxford University Press), 2002.Carwardine, Richard. Lincoln A Life of Purpose and Power. (New York Knopf Publishing), 2003.

Case Stu

dyCASE STUDY Case 1 Haier in India shewing presence in cud trade beyond China 1. Why did Haier draw in India? What did it plan to achieve in this new(a) securities perseverance? At First, Haier started as a small icebox factor iny in China. Zhang Ruimin put great violence on product quality, so he neer tolerated any faulty refrigerators. By creating products under the encourage of quality a contendeness, Haier became the worlds biggest appliance foodstuffer by retail volume. In 1990s, Haier marched into world-wide commercialises and utilize internationalization dodging.Haier polish off a great parkway to break the bias that made-in-China products are of low quality. As Haier achieved achiever in the US and Europe by creating high quality flaw image, it widened its scope more(prenominal) and more. At the m of 1980s, India was non a erect target market for Haier to approach because the Indian governance was acting very defensive to international companies. hitherto in 1991, as India experienced payment crisis, the solid ground had to liberalize and open up the market to foreign investments. As China encouraged companies to go oversea by subsidizing by policy banks loans, Haier decided to precede the Indian market.China chose Indian market as a target because India had the worlds second approximately populated economy and was experiencing rapid economic result. The produce rate was alike to the 1 seen when Haier first achieved success in china. also, Haier could expect several advantages from Indian market much(prenominal) as rising disposable income, an expanding middle class, and a relatively low entry roadblock in the white good market. Banerjee, Haier Indias president, find that as the participation was already gaining power as a major player in spheric market, assume strategy and direction would give Haier gigantic opportunities in the expanding market of India.Banerjee made specific targets for the order to garne r 20% of Indias white goods market in five years and to become one of the top three industries in s even out years. Also he wanted to build an integrated manufacturing facility. The undercoat of entry to Indian market was sort of attractive. Indias white goods market, where Haier wanted to penetrate and achieve in top rank, was a emergence piece of pie. From the satisfyings offered in the case, EXHIBIT 3, the home appliance sector was growing among 11% and 14% annually and Consumer Electronics sector was growing from 11% to even 30% in 2003.Economic growth brought increase of household income and middle-class. This is a positive bit for Haier because there would be more double-income and nuclear families which meat more demand for house appliances. As Haier was already a orbicular brand, it tried to expand its market more widely. As a result, India seemed to be satisfactory because its gross population was huge, and India was a developing state where more people would dem and appliance as time goes by. Haier regarded India as a chance to fix disposable income for electronics purchases.With prospicience of the high market demand, Haier had plans for new plants, new action lines, capacity expansions, and even Greenfield investments. 2. appraise Haiers entry strategy in India. What was and was non working? Why? Although many Chinese companies spot to first enter developing countries and then afterwards more certain countries, Haier approached in an opposite way. So at the time when Haier entered Indian market, the community already had experience in high-end markets in the US and Europe.Because US and Europe market is mature market and argument is more fierce, Haier would exact already cognise rough strategies to appeal customers. Although Haier had experience and sources to attract customers, the entry strategies utilize in India were non all successful. Their production expectation turned out to be too hasty. On the separate hand, im age setting strategy was kinda successful because their global branding strategy made Indian people believe Haier as a high quality brand, non many conditioned Haier as a Chinese brand.The toll strategy that Haier first adopted was a grant price strategy, which seemed to be appropriate when considering other giant brands such as LG or Samsung were adopting low pricing strategies. It could be a way to set the cost high than major brands if entering keep company thinks price would non be a competitive factor in the market. One entry strategy that Haier and other company werent successful at first was the anticipation of high market demand in 2004. As Indian market was a growing market, companies expect the demand would rise significantly.As a result, they increased the production capacity. However, they were over-reacting to the market trend. Market demand could not beget up the production amount, so the refrigerator industry should have been overstocked. As an entry strateg y, Haier adopted a global branding strategy in 2004. Before, Haier normally had an image as an export-based company, just now Zhang wanted to bring astir(predicate) a name brand in the waiter market so that they could create an image as a global brand. In fact, Haier wanted to bedim its Made in China image which implicates cut-rate and low-quality products.This branding exercise worked quite well, because people perceived the company as a Germany or the US brand. It seems that market positioning strategy adopted by Haier when entering the Indian market was quite tactical. Korean giants such as LG and Samsung took low pricing strategy, and Haier could have felt burdened to lower the price even lower than them. It is because if quality of Haiers appliances turns out to be similar to those companies, and the price is similar or high than them, not many customers would challenge to buy Haiers.Nonetheless, Haier was reassured because they already had experiences in Europe and the US market, and was quite well known as a global brand. As a result, instead of participating in a price war with other giant companies, Haier took premium price strategy in India. Haier quite an decided to emphasize their quality in the market, which seemed to be the strategy of fighting in a range war The premium price strategy could be seen as both a success factor and failure factor. Overall, Haier succeeded to implant an image of global and premium brand in the Indian market.The perception of customers nearly Haier was homogeneous to what the company wanted their customers to have about them. However, image does not always make the company become successful. Haier showed quite disappointing revenue growth until 2009, which demonstrates that after all the company might not have won in the value war. perhaps the premium price strategy was not an option but an unavoidable plan, considering that giant brands were located rigidly in the market already. 3. Discuss Haiers topic al anaesthetic anestheticisation principle exemplar in India and other markets. Were they diverse? If so, why?As the EXHIBIT 1 in the given material shows, Haier adopted different strategy models through timeline. In the early confront of the company, about 1984, Haier adopted Brand expression Strategy. The company itself was not settled yet so it had to build a brand image and notify to customers. so from 1990, the company started to take diversification strategy. It is also the first signal of global strategy, when Haier started to export their products to the US and Germany. From 1998, Haier selected internationalization strategy, which mode not unless exporting to overseas but marching to global market worldwide.From 2005, which was right after the company entered Indian market, the corporation took global brand strategy. Haier wanted to appeal itself as a global brand image with high quality and confidence. This menstruation of strategies proves that Haier incessantly worked hard to broaden its market strategically. From the stage when the company apply internationalization strategy, when the company starts to very find market abroad rather than merely exporting, Haier consistently adopted a Three-in-One mending strategy. Three-in-One topical anestheticization means that Haier would position itself as a local brand, produce locally, carry out a local sales strategy and create products tailored to locals needs. Basically, fix means adapting the production system and product itself to the circumstances of local industry. Through Three-in-One localization strategy, Haier could realize authoritative localization which means the company could follow the locals needs at maximum level. Haiers localization strategy was rather tactical than other localization strategies. When Haier began operations in India, the company did not execute rapid localization.Instead, it took a step-by-step approach, starting from outsourcing. When sales volume grew la rge enough, it was right time to start acquiring local assets and doing local production on its own. Haiers approach in the US was similar to the one later chosen in India. When sales grew large enough, the company began Three-in-One plan. By edifice design centre, Haier realized true localization. The material given states that Haier also replicated this model in Europe. After all, Haiers localization method seems to be basically similar in India and other countries.The difference of localization model in India and other countries would be more developed localization strategies adopted in India from the experiences of other countries. For example, Haier employ factory in India to serve as a sourcing hub to markets in Africa, the Middle East, and Southern and Western Asia. Maybe it was the geographical advantage of India that could utilize this localization strategy. Mostly, the localization strategies were similar in various countries, starting from Three-in-One localization. har monize to the situation of each country, Haier tactically and slowly accessed to the market.After building factories which means actual production being to the full held in the specific country, Haier built centers such as showrooms in retail outlets or design centers to make customers feel close to their products. Localization model used in India might not be regarded appropriate because for six years since its launching, the overall result was not satisfactory. However, from the point of arrival in India to the point of neat as a brand well known in the country, the Three-in-One localization skill seems to be worked effectively.